🌿
Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)
Itchy inflamed patches — often confused with early lymphoma.
Affects ~10% of adults and 20% of children. Driven by skin-barrier dysfunction and Th2 inflammation. Treated with emollients, topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors and biologics (dupilumab).
🪶
Psoriasis
Silvery plaques on elbows/knees, autoimmune origin.
Th17-driven autoimmune disease affecting ~2–3% of the population. Associated with arthritis, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
🌹
Rosacea
Central facial redness with visible vessels.
Four subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, ocular). Triggers include sun, alcohol, heat and spicy food.
💧
Acne vulgaris
Inflammatory follicular disease — most common skin condition globally.
Affects ~85% of people aged 12–24. Pathogenesis: sebum, hyperkeratinisation, C. acnes, inflammation. Severe forms need isotretinoin.
🤍
Vitiligo
Loss of pigment patches — autoimmune melanocyte destruction.
Affects ~1% globally. Treated with topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and emerging JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib).
🪵
Seborrheic keratosis
Benign 'stuck-on' brown plaques — common after 40.
Completely benign but frequently mistaken for melanoma. Distinguished by their waxy, stuck-on appearance and horn cysts on dermoscopy.
🟤
Dermatofibroma
Firm benign nodule, often on legs, dimples on pinch.
Reactive fibroblastic proliferation. The 'dimple sign' (central depression on lateral pinch) is pathognomonic.
🩸
Vascular lesion
Cherry angiomas, spider veins — usually benign.
Includes cherry angiomas, pyogenic granulomas, angiokeratomas and infantile hemangiomas. Most are benign; rapidly bleeding lesions warrant review.
Educational summaries only — not a substitute for a diagnosis. Always consult a qualified clinician for symptoms that worry you.